szigetüzemben

Szigetüzemben, which translates to "island operation" or "island mode" in English, refers to a state where a power system operates independently from the main electrical grid. This can occur intentionally, such as for a specific industrial process, or unintentionally, as a result of a grid fault or outage. In island operation, a localized power generation source, like a generator or a group of generators, supplies electricity to a specific set of loads within a defined area.

This mode of operation is often employed in critical facilities such as hospitals, data centers, or industrial plants to ensure continuous power supply during broader grid disturbances. The generators within the island are responsible for maintaining voltage and frequency stability for the connected loads. This requires sophisticated control systems to manage the power balance between generation and demand.

Unintentional islanding can be a significant concern during grid emergencies. If a section of the grid becomes isolated but the generators in that section continue to operate as if connected to the main grid, it can lead to dangerous voltage and frequency deviations. This is why protective relays are designed to detect and disconnect generators from the grid when islanding is suspected or confirmed, to prevent damage to equipment and ensure safety. Synchronization mechanisms are then required to safely reconnect the islanded section back to the main grid once it is stable.