személytöbbes

Személytöbbes is a Hungarian grammatical phenomenon referring to the pluralization of personal pronouns and possessive suffixes. In Hungarian, the standard plural marker is "-k", but when attached to personal pronouns or possessive suffixes, it often undergoes assimilation or simplification, resulting in distinct forms.

For example, the first-person singular possessive suffix "-m" (my) becomes "-nk" (our) when pluralized, as in "könyvem" (my book) versus "könyvünk" (our book). Similarly, the second-person singular possessive suffix "-d" (your) becomes "-tek" (your plural) or "-tök" (depending on vowel harmony), as seen in "könyved" (your book) versus "könyvetek" (your plural book). The third-person singular possessive suffix "-a/-e" (his/her/its) becomes "-uk/-ük" (their), such as "könyve" (his/her book) changing to "könyvük" (their book).

Personal pronouns also exhibit these plural forms. The first-person singular "én" (I) becomes "mi" (we), the second-person singular "te" (you) becomes "ti" (you plural), and the third-person singular "ő" (he/she/it) becomes "ők" (they). The accusative forms also follow similar patterns, with "engem" (me) becoming "minket" (us), "téged" (you) becoming "titeket" (you plural), and "őt" (him/her/it) becoming "őket" (them).

Understanding személytöbbes is crucial for correct Hungarian grammar, as it impacts sentence structure and clarity when referring to multiple people or possessions. The specific vowel harmony rules of Hungarian also play a significant role in determining the exact form of the plural suffix used.