syntetické

Syntetické is a Czech adjective meaning produced by synthesis or artificial, i.e., not occurring naturally. The term is used across disciplines to describe products, substances, or concepts that are created by human intervention rather than found in nature, or that are composed from multiple parts joined together.

In chemistry and materials science, syntetické sloučeniny (synthetic compounds) are substances produced by chemical synthesis rather than isolated from natural sources. Examples include syntetický kaučuk (synthetic rubber), syntetické vlákno (synthetic fiber such as nylon or polyester), syntetická barviva (synthetic dyes) and syntetické paliva (synthetic fuels). Syntetické materiály can be tailored for specific properties, though their environmental impact and biodegradability vary.

In linguistics, syntetické (synthetic) describes languages that encode grammatical relationships within words through inflection or agglutination, as opposed to analytic languages that rely more on word order and auxiliary words. The term also appears in discussions of grammar and morphology to distinguish forms that synthesize multiple grammatical meanings in a single word from more isolating structures.

In biology and biotechnology, syntetická biology refers to the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, or systems, including synthetic genomes or cells. In culture and technology, the word is used for artificially produced sounds, materials, or products, such as syntetická hudba (synthetic music) or syntetické doplňky.

Etymologically, syntetické comes from Greek synthetikos, meaning “putting together,” via Latin and into Czech usage. See also syntetizovat (to synthesize) and syntetika (the field or concept of synthesis).