syklotymia

Syklotymia, also known as cyclothymic disorder, is a chronic mood disorder characterized by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms. These mood disturbances are not severe enough to be classified as a manic or major depressive episode, nor do they meet the full criteria for bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. To be diagnosed, individuals must experience these fluctuating mood states for at least two years in adults and one year in children and adolescents. During these periods, the person experiences at least two hypomanic symptoms and two depressive symptoms, though not necessarily at the same time. Hypomanic symptoms can include increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and increased talkativeness. Depressive symptoms may involve low mood, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite or sleep. The mood swings in cyclothymic disorder are typically less intense and shorter in duration than those in bipolar disorder. While the mood states can be disruptive to daily life, they do not usually cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning or necessitate hospitalization. However, the chronic nature of cyclothymia can lead to significant distress and an increased risk of developing major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder over time. Treatment often involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and sometimes medication to help manage mood fluctuations.