suprajuhtides

Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled below a certain critical temperature. This phenomenon, known as superconductivity, was first discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. When a material becomes superconducting, it can conduct electricity with no energy loss, which has significant potential for various technological applications.

There are two main types of superconductors: Type I and Type II. Type I superconductors typically have a single critical temperature and a critical magnetic field above which superconductivity is destroyed. Type II superconductors, on the other hand, have two critical magnetic fields. Between these fields, they enter a mixed state where magnetic flux can penetrate the material in quantized vortices while still maintaining superconductivity.

The applications of superconductors are diverse and include powerful electromagnets used in MRI machines and particle accelerators, high-speed maglev trains, and potentially in future energy transmission grids. Research continues to focus on discovering and developing high-temperature superconductors, materials that exhibit superconductivity at more accessible temperatures, which would greatly expand their practical use. The underlying mechanisms of superconductivity, particularly in unconventional superconductors, are still an active area of scientific investigation.