sulamislämpötilaa

Sulamislämpötilaa, also known as melting point, is a fundamental physical property of a crystalline solid. It is the temperature at which the solid transitions into a liquid state at standard atmospheric pressure. At the melting point, the substance's internal energy is sufficient to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the particles in a fixed, rigid structure. As heat is added, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, causing them to vibrate more vigorously. Eventually, these vibrations become so strong that the particles break free from their lattice positions, and the substance melts.

The melting point is a characteristic property for pure crystalline substances and can be used as a criterion for identification and purity. Impurities generally lower and broaden the melting point range. For example, ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Other substances have significantly different melting points, such as iron, which melts at 1538 degrees Celsius, or helium, which remains a liquid even at extremely low temperatures unless subjected to very high pressure. The concept is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications, including material science, chemistry, and metallurgy, for understanding and manipulating the states of matter.