sudra

Sudra, also spelled Shudra, is a term used in the context of the ancient Indian social stratification system known as the Varna system. Within this hierarchy, Sudras traditionally formed the fourth and lowest of the four varnas, the others being Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), and Vaishyas (merchants and farmers).

The primary role ascribed to the Sudra varna was that of service and labor for the other three varnas. Historical texts and religious scriptures often describe their duties as manual labor, craftsmanship, and assisting in agricultural activities. They were considered to be dependent on the upper varnas for their livelihood and social standing.

It is important to note that the interpretation and application of the Varna system, including the status and roles of Sudras, have varied significantly throughout history and across different regions of India. While the traditional texts outline a specific structure, the lived realities and social dynamics were often more complex.

The term "Sudra" has also been used historically to refer to various groups and communities, and its meaning can be nuanced depending on the specific historical or cultural context. Contemporary discussions about caste in India often address the historical legacy of the Varna system and its impact on social justice and equality.