subacromial

Subacromial is a medical term used to describe the region beneath the acromion of the scapula. The subacromial space lies between the inferior surface of the acromion and the head of the humerus and serves as a corridor through which rotator cuff tendons and the subacromial bursa glide during shoulder movement. The coracoacromial arch, formed by the acromion, coracoid process, and the coracoacromial ligament, forms the roof of this space.

Common structures within the subacromial space include the supraspinatus tendon and the subacromial bursa, both involved in reducing friction during arm elevation. If the space narrows or structures within it become inflamed, a person may develop subacromial impingement, a leading cause of shoulder pain. Subacromial impingement can result from rotator cuff tendinopathy, bursitis, or partial‑thickness tears, particularly in repetitive overhead or older individuals.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, with provocative tests such as the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy maneuvers and a painful arc. Imaging, including ultrasound or MRI, can assess rotator cuff integrity, bursitis, and the subacromial space.

Treatment is typically conservative: activity modification, physical therapy focusing on scapular stabilization and rotator cuff strengthening, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Corticosteroid injections into the subacromial space may provide temporary relief. If nonoperative care fails or there is a full‑thickness rotator cuff tear, surgical options include subacromial decompression or acromioplasty to widen the space, potentially combined with rotator cuff repair.