storhjärnbark

The storhjärnbark, also known as the cerebral cortex, is the outermost layer of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain. It is a highly convoluted structure, characterized by folds called gyri and grooves called sulci, which significantly increase its surface area. This increased surface area allows for a greater number of neurons to be packed into the limited volume of the skull.

The cerebral cortex is responsible for many of the brain's higher-level functions, including consciousness, thought, memory, reasoning, language, and sensory processing. It is divided into two hemispheres, left and right, which are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is further divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.

The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control. The parietal lobe processes sensory information, including touch, temperature, pain, and pressure, and is involved in spatial navigation. The temporal lobe plays a crucial role in auditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

The storhjärnbark is composed of gray matter, which consists mainly of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. Beneath the gray matter is white matter, which is composed of myelinated axons that form the connections between different brain regions. The intricate structure and complex circuitry of the cerebral cortex enable the sophisticated cognitive abilities that distinguish humans and other mammals.