stoikioometriline

Stoikioometriline, often rendered as stoichiometric, is a term used in chemistry to describe the relationship between quantities of substances that participate in a chemical reaction as defined by the balanced chemical equation. It refers to the exact molar ratios of reactants and products dictated by the stoichiometric coefficients in the equation. When substances are present in these exact proportions, the reaction is compatible with a full or maximal conversion of reactants to products under ideal conditions. The concept rests on the conservation of mass and the mole concept.

Key ideas in stoichiometry include balancing chemical equations, deriving mole ratios from the coefficients, and using these ratios to predict theoretical yields. Practically, stoichiometric calculations involve converting given masses to moles via molar masses, applying the appropriate mole ratios to find amounts of products or remaining reactants, and converting back to desired units. In many reactions, one reactant is present in excess while another is limiting; the limiting reagent determines the theoretical yield of products.

Example: in the reaction CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O, the stoichiometric ratio of CH4 to O2 is 1:2. If you mix 1 mole of CH4 with 2 moles of O2, the reaction can proceed to completion, yielding 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O under ideal conditions. In practice, actual yields are often lower due to side reactions, incomplete conversion, or losses. Some compounds are non-stoichiometric, exhibiting variable compositions rather than fixed integer ratios. Stoichiometry underpins material synthesis, quantitative analysis, and environmental calculations.