stofnfrumuígræðslu

Stofnfrumuígræðsla, also known as stem cell transplantation, is a medical procedure that involves introducing healthy stem cells into a patient's body to replace damaged or diseased cells. Stem cells are unique cells that have the potential to develop into many different cell types. This therapy is primarily used to treat certain types of cancer, blood disorders, and immune deficiencies.

There are two main types of stem cell transplantation: autologous and allogeneic. In autologous transplantation, the patient's own stem cells are collected, treated, and then reinfused. This method is often used for cancers like lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Allogeneic transplantation involves using stem cells from a donor, who can be a relative or an unrelated individual. This type is typically used for conditions where the patient's own stem cells are affected by disease, such as leukemia.

The procedure itself involves several stages. First, the patient undergoes a high dose of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to eliminate cancerous cells or prepare the bone marrow for new cells. Then, the healthy stem cells, harvested either from the patient or a donor, are infused intravenously. These transplanted stem cells then travel to the bone marrow and begin to produce healthy blood cells. While a powerful treatment, stem cell transplantation carries significant risks, including infection, graft-versus-host disease (in allogeneic transplants), and organ damage. Careful monitoring and supportive care are crucial throughout the recovery process.