stjórnarskipti

Stjórnarskipti is an Icelandic term that translates to "change of government" or "government transition." It refers to the process by which power is transferred from one government to another. This can occur through various means, including elections, resignations, or coalition shifts. The specific procedures and customs surrounding stjórnarskipti in Iceland are shaped by its parliamentary democracy and constitution.

Elections are the most common trigger for a stjórnarskipti. When a parliamentary election results in a new majority or a significant shift in the political landscape, the incumbent government may step down, paving the way for a new one to be formed. The process typically involves the leader of the party or coalition that commands a parliamentary majority being invited by the President of Iceland to form a new government. This usually entails negotiations to establish a coalition agreement and appoint ministers.

A stjórnarskipti can also happen mid-term if a government loses the confidence of the Althing (the Icelandic parliament) through a vote of no confidence. In such cases, the government must resign, and a new government must be formed. Similarly, a government might dissolve itself if it can no longer function effectively, perhaps due to internal disagreements within a coalition. The President plays a crucial role in formally appointing the new prime minister and ministers, thus formalizing the stjórnarskipti. The peaceful and orderly execution of stjórnarskipti is a cornerstone of Icelandic democratic stability.