starres

Starres is the archaic or variant spelling of stars, a form occasionally found in historical texts and some languages. In modern English, stars are the luminous points seen in the night sky. They are massive, self-luminous spheres of plasma whose energy is produced mainly by nuclear fusion of hydrogen in their cores. Stars form from cold, dense regions of molecular clouds when gravity causes collapse, creating a protostar that accretes mass until core temperatures enable fusion.

Stars come in a wide range of masses, sizes, and surface temperatures, producing a sequence of spectral types designated O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star. A star's life is governed largely by its initial mass: low- to intermediate-mass stars become red giants and eventually shed their outer layers, leaving behind white dwarfs, while high-mass stars end their lives in supernova explosions that can leave neutron stars or black holes.

Inside stars, energy transport occurs through radiative and convective zones, with outer layers forming the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reflects luminosity and temperature, illustrating stellar evolution over time. Stars synthesize and distribute heavy elements into the interstellar medium, contributing to the chemical evolution of galaxies.

Observationally, stars are characterized by apparent magnitudes and, with distance measurements via parallax, by absolute magnitude. Many stars host planetary systems, and stellar activity and lifetime influence planetary environments and potential habitability. Stars are fundamental to astronomy, cosmology, and the history of the universe.