spodní

Spodní is a Czech adjective meaning lower, bottom, or underside. It is used to describe position or order relative to a reference point, typically the upper part or exterior. The word functions to indicate the part of something that is nearer to the bottom or interior surface.

Common uses include phrases such as spodní část (lower part), spodní okraj (lower edge), spodní patro (lower floor), spodní strana (bottom side), and spodní voda (groundwater). In clothing and textiles it can describe items worn closest to the body, for example spodní prádlo (underwear). In geology, geography, and construction, spodní vrstvy or spodní vrstvy sedimentu refer to the lower layers or strata.

Grammar and inflection: spodní is an adjective and, like other Czech adjectives, agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. Its basic form appears as spodní for masculine singular common, with changes for feminine, neuter, and plural forms depending on the noun it accompanies.

Etymology: spodní originates from the Slavic root spod- meaning under or bottom. The term is cognate with related Slavic forms in other languages that express a similar sense of “lower” or “beneath,” though usage and exact meaning can vary by language.

See also: horní (upper), vrchní (top/upper), spodní voda (groundwater) as a frequent compound, and related constructions indicating relative position in Czech.