splitterscombiners

A splitter combiner is a passive electrical device used to divide or merge signals. In essence, it takes one input signal and divides it into multiple output signals, or conversely, takes multiple input signals and combines them into a single output signal. These devices are fundamental in various electronic systems, particularly in radio frequency (RF) and microwave applications.

The primary function of a splitter is to distribute a single signal to multiple destinations without significant loss of signal strength. A combiner performs the opposite function, consolidating multiple signals into a single path. The number of output ports on a splitter, or input ports on a combiner, can vary depending on the specific design, with common configurations including two-way, three-way, or four-way devices.

Key performance parameters for splitters combiners include insertion loss, isolation, amplitude balance, and phase balance. Insertion loss refers to the signal power lost as it passes through the device. Isolation measures how much the output ports are separated from each other, preventing signals from one output from interfering with another. Amplitude and phase balance quantify the uniformity of signal distribution or combination across the multiple ports.

Splitters combiners are constructed using various technologies, including lumped element components for lower frequencies and transmission line structures like microstrip or stripline for higher frequencies. Their applications are widespread, ranging from antenna arrays in wireless communication systems to signal distribution in test and measurement equipment.