spektroanalysator

A spektroanalysator is an instrument used to analyze the spectral content of light to determine the chemical composition, concentration, or physical properties of a sample. It works by dispersing incoming light into its constituent wavelengths and measuring the intensity at each wavelength, producing a spectrum that can be interpreted against reference data.

Typically, a spektroanalysator consists of a light source, a sample interaction region, a dispersive element such as a prism or diffraction grating, and a detector array (such as photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, or a charge-coupled device). It may operate in absorption mode, where the sample removes light at specific wavelengths, or in emission mode, where excited atoms or ions emit characteristic light. Some systems also use scattering or reflectance measurements.

There are several specialized forms. Spectrometers used for quantitative analysis include atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Portable and benchtop spectrometers cover visible to near-infrared regions, while more complex systems integrate with chromatography or mass spectrometry for multi-technique analyses.

Applications span chemistry, environmental monitoring, materials science, pharmaceuticals, mining, and astronomy. Results are typically presented as spectra or calibration curves and require processing, baseline correction, and wavelength and intensity calibration against standards.

A spektroanalysator is a general term that emphasizes spectral analysis of light; in practice, it is part of broader spectroscopic methods used to identify substances and quantify their concentrations with varying selectivity, sensitivity, and dynamic range.