spalatum

Spalatum is an ancient Roman settlement located in what is now Croatia. It is primarily known as the foundation of the modern city of Split, which developed within and around the remains of a colossal palace. The palace was built for the Roman Emperor Diocletian, who abdicated in 305 AD. Construction of the palace began around 295 AD and it served as his retirement residence.

The palace complex was immense, covering an area of approximately 30,000 square meters. It was designed as a self-sufficient unit, featuring imperial apartments, administrative buildings, a temple complex, and even barracks for soldiers. The architecture incorporated a blend of Roman and Eastern styles, reflecting Diocletian's extensive military campaigns and travels. After Diocletian's death, the palace gradually fell into disuse as an imperial residence.

However, its strategic location and robust construction led to its repopulation. Refugees fleeing from barbarian invasions in the surrounding areas sought shelter within the palace walls, adapting its structures for residential purposes. Over centuries, these early inhabitants transformed the palace into a fortified town, laying the groundwork for the city of Split. Many of the original Roman structures, including parts of the palace walls, the Peristyle, and the mausoleum (later converted into a cathedral), are still remarkably preserved and form the historic core of Split today. The name Spalatum is believed to derive from the Latin word "spalatum" or "spalatra," referring to a type of precious wood, or possibly from the Greek word "spalathon," meaning a garden or enclosure.