solcells

Solcells, also known as solar cells or photovoltaic cells, are electronic devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The fundamental principle relies on semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon, which have the property of releasing electrons when struck by photons from sunlight. This process creates an electric current.

A typical solar cell consists of at least two layers of semiconductor material, doped differently to create a p-n junction. When light hits the cell, photons energize electrons in the semiconductor, causing them to break free from their atoms. The electric field at the p-n junction then directs these freed electrons to flow in a specific direction, generating direct current (DC). This DC electricity can then be used directly, stored in batteries, or converted to alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses.

The efficiency of a solar cell, which is the percentage of sunlight energy converted into electrical energy, varies depending on the material used, manufacturing process, and design. While silicon-based cells are the most common, research continues into other materials and technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Solar cells are a key component of solar panels, which are arrays of interconnected cells designed to generate larger amounts of electricity. Their widespread adoption contributes to renewable energy generation and a reduction in reliance on fossil fuels.