skopolamiin

Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug found naturally in plants of the Solanaceae family, such as henbane, datura, and deadly nightshade. It is primarily used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Scopolamine works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. This blockade affects various bodily functions, including those related to nausea, vomiting, and muscle movement.

The drug is typically administered transdermally via a patch placed behind the ear, which allows for a slow and sustained release into the bloodstream. It can also be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally. In addition to its antiemetic properties, scopolamine has anticholinergic effects that can cause dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and confusion. It has also been used historically for its sedative and amnestic properties, and in some cultures, it has been incorporated into traditional medicine practices.

Due to its potential side effects and psychoactive properties, scopolamine requires careful medical supervision. Overdose can lead to severe anticholinergic toxicity, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delirium, rapid heart rate, and seizures. The use of scopolamine is contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, including glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and severe liver or kidney disease. Its use in pregnant or breastfeeding women should also be carefully evaluated.