sirolimuusin

Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrolide compound that exhibits immunosuppressive and antitumor properties. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, which was originally discovered in a soil sample from Easter Island. Sirolimus functions by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival.

Clinically, sirolimus is primarily used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ transplant rejection, particularly in kidney transplants. It is often prescribed in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs. Its mechanism of action involves preventing the activation of T-lymphocytes, which are key players in the immune response against foreign tissues. Beyond transplantation, sirolimus has found applications in the treatment of certain cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma, by inhibiting tumor cell growth and angiogenesis.

The drug is administered orally or intravenously. Common side effects include mouth sores, diarrhea, rash, and an increased risk of infection due to its immunosuppressive nature. Long-term use may also lead to other complications, including kidney problems and metabolic changes. Research continues to explore new therapeutic uses for sirolimus and its derivatives in various medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases and age-related disorders.