signálu

Signál is any physical quantity that varies in time or space and can be used to convey information about the state of a system. In everyday language, signals inform receivers about events or conditions. The term is used across engineering, physics, biology and media. In Czech and Slovak, signálu is the genitive singular form of signál.

Signals can be continuous in time (analog) or discrete (digital). Analog signals vary smoothly over time; digital signals convey information by discrete values, enabling robust processing and error correction. Signals may be one-dimensional (voltage, sound) or multi-dimensional (images, video, sensor arrays) and may be analyzed in terms of amplitude, frequency or phase.

Signals originate from a source and travel through a medium or channel, where they may be affected by noise or distortion. Modulation and coding are used to prepare signals for transmission; filtering and equalization help recover them at the receiver. Common domains include electrical, optical and acoustic signaling.

Signal processing is the set of techniques for analyzing, modifying and interpreting signals. It includes sampling and quantization for digital conversion, as well as Fourier analysis, time–frequency methods and filtering. Applications span telecommunications, broadcasting, radar, control systems, instrumentation and neuroscience.