serotüüpe

Serotüüp is a term used in microbiology to classify bacteria based on the antigens present on their surface. These antigens are typically carbohydrates or proteins that elicit an immune response. Specifically, serotyping identifies different strains within a species based on variations in these surface antigens. For example, *Salmonella* species are classified into numerous serovars, such as *Salmonella* Typhi, based on the combination of their O (somatic) and H (flagellar) antigens.

The process of serotyping involves using specific antibodies that bind to these particular antigens. When a bacterial sample is mixed with a known antiserum, agglutination (clumping) occurs if the antibodies in the antiserum recognize and bind to the antigens on the bacteria. By testing the bacteria against a panel of different antisera, its serotype can be determined. This method is crucial for epidemiological studies, allowing scientists to track the spread of infections, identify outbreaks, and understand the relationships between different bacterial isolates. Serotyping also plays a role in vaccine development and quality control.