sejtszétválás

Sejtszétválás, meaning cell separation in Hungarian, refers to the process where a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This fundamental biological event is crucial for reproduction in unicellular organisms and for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. The most common form of cell division is mitosis, which produces genetically identical daughter cells. In mitosis, the cell replicates its DNA, and then the replicated chromosomes are evenly distributed between the two new cells. Another significant form of cell division is meiosis, which occurs in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Meiosis involves two rounds of division and results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms. Cytokinesis, the physical division of the cytoplasm, typically follows nuclear division in both mitosis and meiosis, completing the formation of separate daughter cells. Defects in sejtszétválás can lead to various cellular abnormalities and diseases, including cancer, where cell division becomes uncontrolled. Understanding the mechanisms of cell separation is therefore vital for comprehending fundamental life processes and developing treatments for diseases.