sejtszaporodásra

Sejtszaporodás, meaning cell proliferation in Hungarian, refers to the process by which cells increase in number. This is a fundamental biological process essential for growth, development, tissue repair, and reproduction in all living organisms. In multicellular organisms, cell proliferation is tightly regulated to ensure proper formation and maintenance of tissues and organs. Uncontrolled cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer.

There are two primary types of cell proliferation: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. It reduces the number of chromosomes by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell and from each other. These haploid cells are gametes (sperm and egg cells) that fuse during fertilization to form a new diploid organism.

The cell cycle controls cell proliferation, involving distinct phases where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides. Various signaling pathways and molecular checkpoints ensure that this process occurs accurately and at an appropriate rate. Disruptions in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to aberrant cell proliferation, contributing to various diseases.