scolopendrium

Scolopendrium is a genus of ferns belonging to the family Aspleniaceae. The most well-known species, and often the only one recognized in this genus, is Scolopendrium vulgare, commonly known as the hart's-tongue fern. This fern is characterized by its undivided, leathery, tongue-shaped fronds. The fronds are typically evergreen, remaining green throughout the year, and can grow to lengths of 30 to 60 centimeters.

The hart's-tongue fern prefers moist, shady environments, often found growing on walls, in woodland clearings, and along stream banks. It thrives in calcareous soils, meaning soils rich in calcium carbonate, which can contribute to its distinctive coloration and growth habits. The sori, which are clusters of sporangia where spores are produced, are arranged in linear rows on the underside of the fronds and are a characteristic feature used for identification.

Scolopendrium vulgare has a wide distribution across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It has also been introduced to other regions, including North America. Due to its distinctive appearance and preference for specific habitats, it is sometimes used in ornamental gardening, particularly in rock gardens or shaded areas. While generally considered a single species, several subspecies and varieties have been described, reflecting minor variations in frond shape and growth. The genus name Scolopendrium is derived from the Greek word "skolopendra," referring to a centipede, likely due to the segmented appearance of the sori on the frond.