scapulotorácica

The scapulothoracic articulation, often referred to as the scapulothoracic joint, is not a true anatomical joint in the synovial sense. Instead, it is a functional union between the scapula (shoulder blade) and the thoracic cage (rib cage). This articulation allows for the gliding movement of the scapula across the posterior surface of the thorax, which is crucial for a full range of motion of the upper limb.

This "joint" is maintained by the muscles that surround the scapula and attach it to the thorax, including the serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboids, and pectoralis minor. The smooth movement of the scapula over the ribs is facilitated by the serratus anterior muscle, which pulls the scapula forward and around the chest wall. The other muscles act to stabilize the scapula and control its position and movement.

The scapulothoracic articulation works in conjunction with the glenohumeral joint (the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder), the acromioclavicular joint, and the sternoclavicular joint to achieve complex arm movements. For example, when raising the arm overhead, the scapula rotates upwards and posteriorly, allowing the glenoid cavity to better orient towards the humerus, thereby increasing the range of elevation. Dysfunction or weakness in the muscles controlling the scapulothoracic articulation can lead to poor shoulder mechanics, pain, and impaired upper limb function.