röntgenmonokromaattori

A röntgenmonokromaattori, or X-ray monochromator, is a device used to select a narrow band of X-ray wavelengths from a broader spectrum. This is crucial for many X-ray experiments and applications where a specific X-ray energy is required for optimal results. The most common type of X-ray monochromator utilizes Bragg diffraction from a crystal lattice. According to Bragg's law, nλ = 2d sinθ, where n is an integer, λ is the X-ray wavelength, d is the spacing between crystal planes, and θ is the angle of incidence. By carefully controlling the angle θ of a crystal with a known d-spacing, a specific wavelength λ can be diffracted and directed towards the sample or detector.

Various types of crystals are employed, such as silicon, germanium, or graphite, chosen for their d-spacings and ability to withstand high X-ray flux. For applications requiring very high resolution, synthetic multilayer structures with precisely controlled layer thicknesses can also act as monochromators. These devices are fundamental components in X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and medical imaging, enabling precise elemental analysis, structural determination of materials, and targeted diagnostic procedures. The efficiency and energy resolution of a monochromator are key performance parameters, with higher efficiency meaning more X-rays are transmitted and higher resolution meaning a narrower energy band is selected.