réciprocité

Réciprocité is a fundamental concept in social sciences and ethics, referring to the practice of exchanging items or behaviors between two individuals or groups in such a way that the services and considerations given are returned. It is a form of social obligation and a basis for cooperation and trust. This principle can manifest in various forms, from simple gift-giving and favors to more complex social contracts and legal frameworks.

The idea of reciprocity suggests that individuals are more likely to help or be kind to those who have helped or been kind to them. This mutual exchange can strengthen social bonds and create a sense of community. It operates on an implicit understanding that when one party provides something of value, the other party is expected to reciprocate in some way, though the timing and nature of the return can vary.

Anthropological studies have highlighted the pervasive role of reciprocity in diverse cultures, illustrating how it underpins economic systems, social hierarchies, and political alliances. In psychology, reciprocity is studied as a powerful influence on social behavior, contributing to phenomena like liking and persuasion. The concept is also central to ethical theories, where it often forms the basis of fairness and justice, as seen in the Golden Rule, which advocates treating others as one wishes to be treated.