riboszómán

Riboszómán is a protein complex found in all living cells that is responsible for protein synthesis. Also known as a ribosome, this organelle is essential for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, a large and a small subunit, each made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. The small subunit binds to the mRNA molecule, while the large subunit catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. This process, known as translation, occurs in a specific direction along the mRNA. Ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The location of a ribosome often dictates the destination of the protein it synthesizes. Free ribosomes typically produce proteins that function within the cell's cytoplasm, while ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to other organelles. The accurate and efficient functioning of riboszómán is critical for cellular life, as it underpins the production of virtually all proteins required for cellular structure, function, and regulation.