retningcosine
Retningcosine, commonly known as direction cosines, are the cosines of the angles a nonzero vector makes with the coordinate axes in a three-dimensional orthonormal frame. For a vector v = (x, y, z) with magnitude |v| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2), the direction cosines are l = cos α = x/|v|, m = cos β = y/|v|, and n = cos γ = z/|v|, where α, β, γ are the angles with the x-, y-, and z-axes, respectively. The triple (l, m, n) describes the direction of v as a unit vector, independent of its length.
These cosines satisfy l^2 + m^2 + n^2 = 1. They are the ratios of the vector's axis projections
Angles can be recovered by α = arccos(l), β = arccos(m), γ = arccos(n). The cosines also arise from dot products with
Applications include specifying the orientation of a line or velocity vector, transforming between Cartesian components and