repolarizációját

Repolarizációját refers to the process of repolarization in a biological context, most commonly in electrophysiology concerning nerve and muscle cells. This phase follows depolarization, where the cell membrane's electrical potential rapidly changes from negative to positive. Repolarization is the return of the cell membrane's electrical potential to its resting negative state.

This crucial process is initiated by the closure of voltage-gated sodium channels, which were responsible for the influx of sodium ions during depolarization. Concurrently, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell. This outward movement of positively charged potassium ions reduces the overall positive charge inside the cell, making the membrane potential more negative.

The rate and extent of repolarization are critical for the proper functioning of excitable cells. In neurons, effective repolarization ensures that the action potential can propagate accurately along the axon and that the neuron is ready to fire again. In cardiac muscle cells, repolarization is essential for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers, allowing for efficient blood circulation. Disruptions in repolarization can lead to various physiological problems, including arrhythmias in the heart.