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The theory of relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, is a cornerstone of modern physics. It consists of two interconnected theories: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity, published in 1905, introduced the concepts of spacetime and the constancy of the speed of light. It revealed that space and time are interwoven into a four-dimensional fabric called spacetime, and that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion. This theory also led to the famous equation E=mc², which relates energy (E) to mass (m) and the speed of light (c).

General relativity, published in 1915, extended these ideas to include gravity. It proposed that massive objects cause a curvature in spacetime, which we perceive as gravity. This theory successfully explained various phenomena, such as the precession of Mercury's orbit and the bending of starlight. It also predicted the existence of black holes and the expansion of the universe, which have been confirmed by subsequent observations.

The theory of relativity has had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe. It has revolutionized our concepts of space, time, and gravity, and it continues to be a fundamental framework for modern physics. Despite its success, it remains an active area of research, with scientists continually seeking to unify it with quantum mechanics, the other pillar of modern physics.