referentes

Referentes is the plural form of referente in Spanish. The term describes the object, person, or concept to which something refers, or to which people look for guidance. It is used in several fields, with domain-specific nuances, but sharing the core idea of pointing outward or serving as a model.

In linguistics and semantics, the referent is the real-world entity or concept named by a linguistic expression. For example, the referent of the word árbol is any tree; the referent may be concrete or abstract, present or imagined. The relationship between the sign (word, sentence) and its referent is mediated by context, syntax, and pragmatics.

In sociology and psychology, referents often denote reference groups or role models. A person identifies with referents who provide norms, values, or standards for behavior, consumption, or success. Referents can be aspirational (high-status figures) or proximate (peers) and influence attitudes, identity, and decisions.

In education and professional settings, referents function as exemplars or benchmarks—teacher models, curricular standards, or professional competencies. Students compare themselves to referents to gauge progress; professionals align practice with recognized referents of quality.

Origin and usage: the word comes from Latin referens, from referre, "to carry back."