realisztika

Realisztika, or realism, is a term used in Hungarian to describe a broad artistic and intellectual tendency that aims to depict the world truthfully, with attention to ordinary life, social conditions, and empirical observation. In European art and literature, realism emerged in the 19th century as a reaction against Romantic idealization, seeking to present people and situations without embellishment or fantasy.

In literature, realist writers focus on everyday speech, social issues, and the lives of ordinary people, often examining class relations, work, and urban life. In the visual arts, realism sought documentary-like accuracy, plain portrayal of settings, and meticulous attention to detail, sometimes highlighting the experiences of the poor or marginalized. Realism often carries a critical or reformist impulse, aiming to reflect society as it is and to prompt reflection or action.

In Hungary, realiszka appeared during the period of national modernization in the mid-19th century and continued into the early 20th century. It overlapped with other currents such as nationalist romanticism and later naturalism. Hungarian realism tended to depict rural life, urban environments, and social realities of Hungarian society, frequently with a focus on authenticity, regional particularities, and the everyday struggles of ordinary people.

Legacy and influence include its impact on later movements such as naturalism and social realism, and its ongoing role in discussions about truthful representation in literature and art. The term realiszka remains a touchstone for describing works that prioritize observation, verifiable detail, and a non-idealized portrayal of life.