rafbræðslu

Rafbræðsla, a term originating from Icelandic, translates to "electric smelting" or "electric melting." It refers to a metallurgical process that uses electric current to generate the heat necessary for melting and refining metals. This method is particularly advantageous for materials that require very high temperatures, exceeding those achievable with conventional combustion furnaces.

The core principle of electric smelting involves passing a strong electric current through either the material being smelted or electrodes in contact with it. This electrical resistance or the arc created between electrodes generates intense heat, causing the metal or ore to melt. Common types of electric furnaces used in this process include arc furnaces, induction furnaces, and resistance furnaces. Each type utilizes electricity in a slightly different manner to achieve the desired melting temperatures.

Electric smelting offers several benefits. It allows for precise temperature control, which is crucial for producing high-purity metals and alloys. It also minimizes the introduction of impurities from combustion fuels, leading to a cleaner product. Furthermore, electric smelting can be more energy-efficient for certain applications, especially when renewable electricity sources are utilized, contributing to a more sustainable metallurgical process. It is widely employed in the production of ferroalloys, aluminum, steel, and other specialty metals.