radiaatori

Radiaatori are devices used to transfer thermal energy to a room to raise its temperature. They are a common component of many heating systems and exist in hydronic (hot water or steam) and electric variants. Hydronic radiators circulate heated fluid from a boiler through the radiator, releasing heat to the room by convection and radiation. They are typically made from cast iron, steel, or aluminum and come in column, panel, or finned designs. Electric radiators generate heat from electrical resistance and do not require a water circuit; they can be portable or wall-mounted and often use oil-filled, convector, or panel designs.

In hydronic systems, heat is delivered by circulating hot water or steam through the radiator, where it loses heat to the surrounding air. The radiator’s surface area, material, and connections influence its efficiency. Electric radiators rely on electrical energy to heat the element directly, providing immediate heat and easy control but potentially higher running costs depending on electricity prices and usage.

Placement and controls affect performance. Radiators are usually located against exterior walls and should have clear space around them to allow airflow. Thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) and room thermostats enable zoning and temperature regulation, improving comfort and energy efficiency.

Safety and maintenance considerations include keeping surrounding areas clear, regular servicing of hydronic systems (bleeding air, checking for leaks, balancing), and following manufacturer instructions for electric units. Radiators have evolved from early 19th-century designs to modern, efficient heating elements used in homes and buildings worldwide.

History and development: Radiators emerged in the 1800s, with early steam designs later adapted to hot-water systems; advances in materials and controls have enhanced efficiency and usability.