püroelektriline

Püroelektriline refers to a phenomenon where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to a temperature change. This property is known as pyroelectricity. Pyroelectric materials exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization that changes when their temperature is altered. This change in polarization creates a temporary voltage across the material.

The magnitude of the pyroelectric effect depends on the specific material and the rate of temperature change. Materials exhibiting this property are typically crystalline and lack a center of symmetry in their crystal structure. Examples of pyroelectric materials include quartz, lithium tantalate, and some ceramics.

Pyroelectricity finds applications in various sensing devices. Pyroelectric sensors are used to detect infrared radiation, making them useful in thermal imaging cameras, motion detectors, and non-contact thermometers. When infrared radiation strikes the pyroelectric material, it causes a temperature change, which in turn generates an electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the radiation.

The pyroelectric effect is distinct from piezoelectricity, although some materials exhibit both properties. Piezoelectricity involves the generation of electric charge in response to mechanical stress, whereas pyroelectricity is solely due to temperature variations. The sensitivity and response time of pyroelectric sensors can be optimized by material selection and device design.