põlveartikulaatsiooni

Põlveartikulaatsiooni refers to the knee joint, a complex hinge joint in the leg that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It is one of the largest and most crucial joints in the human body, enabling a wide range of motion for walking, running, jumping, and squatting. The joint is surrounded by a capsule and is further stabilized by several ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.

The articular surfaces of the femur and tibia are covered by hyaline cartilage, which reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement. Between the femur and tibia are two C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures called menisci, which enhance stability and act as shock absorbers. The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone that articulates with the femur anteriorly, improving the leverage of the quadriceps muscle for extension of the leg.

The knee joint is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, including ligament tears, meniscus damage, osteoarthritis, and tendonitis. These issues can cause pain, swelling, instability, and limited mobility. Diagnosis often involves physical examination, imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI, and CT scans, and sometimes arthroscopy. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and can range from conservative measures like rest, ice, physical therapy, and medication to surgical interventions such as arthroscopic repairs or joint replacement.