pyelonefriitin

Pyelonephritis is a serious kidney infection that affects both the kidneys and the ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. It is typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli, that ascend from the urinary tract. The infection can spread to the kidneys, leading to inflammation and potential damage.

Symptoms of pyelonephritis include fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent urination. In severe cases, patients may experience blood in the urine, high fever, and severe abdominal pain. The condition can be life-threatening if left untreated, as it can lead to kidney failure, sepsis, and even death.

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis usually involves a physical examination, urine tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans. Blood tests may also be conducted to check for signs of infection and kidney function.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring. Lifestyle changes, such as staying hydrated and avoiding irritants, can also help prevent recurrence.

Prevention strategies include practicing good hygiene, emptying the bladder promptly after sexual activity, and avoiding irritants like spicy foods and caffeine. Regular check-ups and prompt treatment of urinary tract infections can also help prevent the development of pyelonephritis.