puolijulkishyödykkeistä

puolijulkisohyö refers to a Finnish term that translates to "semi-public good." It describes goods or services that exhibit characteristics of both public and private goods. Public goods are typically non-excludable (it's difficult to prevent people from consuming them) and non-rivalrous (one person's consumption doesn't diminish another's). Private goods, on the other hand, are excludable and rivalrous.

Semi-public goods fall somewhere in between. They might be non-excludable but rivalrous, or excludable but non-rivalrous, or possess varying degrees of both characteristics. For example, a park can be considered a semi-public good. While it's generally accessible to everyone (non-excludable), it can become crowded, meaning one person's enjoyment can be reduced by others' presence (rivalrous). Conversely, a toll road might be excludable, as only those who pay can use it, but up to a certain capacity, one car's use doesn't significantly affect another's (non-rivalrous).

Understanding puolijulkisohyö is important in economics and public policy for determining the most efficient way to provide and fund such goods. Because they don't fit neatly into the pure public or private good categories, their provision often requires a mix of market mechanisms and government intervention to address issues like underproduction or overconsumption. Examples can include certain types of infrastructure, digital information, or even certain aspects of healthcare and education, where the degree of excludability and rivalry can vary.