pumpe

Pumpe is the German word for pump, a device that moves liquids or gases by mechanical action. In engineering contexts, pumps increase fluid pressure to overcome friction and elevation differences, enabling transport through pipes and systems. Pumps are used across domestic, industrial, and transport sectors.

There are two broad families: positive-displacement pumps, which move a fixed volume per cycle, and dynamic or kinetic pumps, which impart velocity to the fluid. Positive-displacement types include gear, piston, diaphragm, and peristaltic pumps. Dynamic types include centrifugal, axial, and mixed-flow pumps. Rotary and reciprocating actions are common subdivisions.

Key components usually include a driver (electric motor, internal combustion engine, or hand crank), a pump head with an impeller or displacement chamber, seals and bearings, and suction and discharge valves or ports. The casing or volute directs flow and pressure.

Performance is described by flow rate (Q) and head or pressure (H). Efficiency depends on design, speed, and fluid properties. Cavitation, wear, and leakage reduce performance. Selection considers required flow, duty pressure, fluid characteristics, temperature, and materials.

Applications range from water supply, irrigation, and HVAC to industrial processing, chemical handling, fuel delivery, and wastewater management. Pumps also appear in medical devices and laboratory equipment.

Maintenance includes priming for non-priming pumps, seal and bearing inspections, lubrication, impeller wear checks, and leak monitoring. Safe operation requires proper isolation, ventilation, and protection against overpressure and electrical hazards.