pulmonaires

Pulmonaires is the French term meaning pertaining to the lungs; in English the analogous adjective is pulmonary. The term derives from Latin pulmonarius through Old French and appears in medical and anatomical contexts to specify structures or processes related to respiration and the lungs.

In anatomy, pulmonaries relate to the pulmonary system, which includes the lungs, the airways, the alveolar sacs, and the pulmonary vasculature. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, and returns oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. The respiratory system includes the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi) and the gas-exchanging units (alveoli).

Clinical usage covers diseases and procedures labeled as pulmonary, such as pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as pulmonary function testing and imaging.

Diagnosis and management commonly involve imaging and functional testing. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT), including CT pulmonary angiography for embolism, are used to visualize lung structure and vasculature. Ventilation-perfusion scans and pulmonary function tests (spirometry) assess airflow and gas transfer. Treatments depend on the underlying condition and may include anticoagulation for embolism, diuretics for edema, antifibrotics for fibrosis, bronchodilators for obstruction, and supplemental oxygen therapy.