przegranym

Przegranym is a Polish term that denotes the person who has lost in a competition, conflict, or dispute. In everyday usage it can function as a noun meaning “the loser,” or as the past participle of the verb przegrać used adjectivally to describe someone or something that has been defeated. The form is also a grammatical case, appearing in phrases such as zostałem przegranym, where przegranym is instrumental singular.

Etymology and grammar

The word derives from przegrać (to lose) with the adjective-forming suffix -ny, yielding przegrany, meaning defeated or loser. Like many Polish adjectives and participles, przegrany declines for gender, number, and case. The instrumental singular form is przegranym, while the nominative masculine singular is przegrany, feminine is przegrana, and neuter is przegrane. Plural forms include przegrani (masculine personal), przegrane (neuter/collective), and przegrane/przegrani in other cases, depending on the noun they modify or replace.

Usage and nuances

Przegranym is common in sports reports, political commentary, and everyday speech to refer to the defeated party, person, or team. It can describe a person directly or serve predicatively after a verb like zostać (to become) or być (to be). Examples: Zostałem przegranym w turnieju. W wyborach przegranym został kandydat z opozycji. In plural contexts one talks about przegrani (the losers) or przegrane (the defeats or losers in collective terms). Related terms include zwycięzca (winner) and porażka (defeat).

See also

Przegrać, przegrana, zwycięzca.