protonikiinnittymisiä
Protonikiinnittymisiä, a Finnish term, translates to "proton attachments" or "protonations" in English. It refers to the process where a proton (H+) gains attachment to a molecule or atom, resulting in a positively charged species. This phenomenon is fundamental in chemistry and biology, playing a crucial role in various reactions and processes.
In organic chemistry, protonation often occurs at Lewis basic sites, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms,
In acid-base chemistry, protonation is the defining characteristic of acids. Acids are substances that donate protons,
In biological systems, protonation states of amino acids within proteins are critical for their structure, function,