protonatiesites
Protonation sites are the locations within a molecule where a proton can be added to form a conjugate acid. In many organic and biochemical substances, protonation occurs at heteroatoms with lone pairs, such as nitrogen in amines and heteroaromatic rings, oxygen in alcohols and carbonyls, and sulfur in thiols or thioethers. Some molecules can also be protonated at carbon centers or other atoms under strongly acidic conditions, but these are less common under typical ambient conditions.
Which site is protonated depends on the relative basicity of the potential sites and the solvent or
Protonation state has practical consequences. In organic synthesis, the site of protonation can determine reaction pathways
Methods to study protonation sites include pKa prediction and enumeration through computational chemistry, and experimental techniques