propanona

Propanona, commonly known as acetone (IUPAC name propan-2-one), is the simplest and smallest ketone, with the chemical formula C3H6O. It is a colorless, volatile, highly flammable liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Its boiling point is about 56°C and its flash point is approximately -20°C.

Industrial production is dominated by the cumene process, in which phenol and acetone are produced together via the oxidation of cumene hydroperoxide. It can also be generated by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol. Acetone occurs in trace amounts in some metabolic processes and can be detected in human breath under certain physiological conditions.

Applications include widespread use as a solvent for polymers, resins, coatings, and cleaning agents. It is a common component in nail polish removers and serves as a chemical intermediate in various syntheses, including routes to methyl methacrylate through acetone cyanohydrin. In laboratories, acetone is valued as a miscible solvent for chromatography, extraction, and sample preparation.

Safety and handling: acetone is highly flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and oxidizers, in tightly closed containers. Avoid inhalation, eye and skin contact. Use appropriate ventilation and, when necessary, protective equipment. Proper storage and handling reduce the risk of fire and health effects.