propano2one

Propan-2-one, commonly known as acetone, is the simplest ketone. Its chemical formula is C3H6O and its structure consists of a central carbonyl group flanked by two methyl groups (CH3-CO-CH3). It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point of 56.05°C and a distinctive, sharp odor. Acetone is miscible with water and with many organic solvents, and it has a density of about 0.791 g/mL at 20°C. It is highly flammable with vapors that can form explosive mixtures with air.

Industrial production of acetone is dominated by the cumene process, in which phenol and acetone are produced from benzene and propylene via cumene and its oxidation. It can also be produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol. Small amounts are obtained as a byproduct of other chemical processes, and acetone can be produced by certain fermentation processes (such as historical acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation), though this is less common today.

Uses for acetone are broad. It is a widely used solvent in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, and cleaners, and is a common ingredient in nail polish remover. In laboratories, it serves as a general solvent and as a drying agent in some purification procedures. Acetone also functions as a chemical feedstock in various synthesis pathways and polymerization processes.

Safety and handling: acetone is flammable and its vapors can travel and ignite. It can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and may cause CNS effects at higher concentrations. It should be stored in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and oxidizers, with appropriate precautions to prevent inhalation and skin or eye contact.