privataer

Privater is a term used to describe a ship, particularly a sailing vessel, that operates independently of government assistance or requisitioning, as opposed to a man of war or a state-owned ship. This type of vessel is often employed for mercantile purposes, such as trade and commerce.

The term "privater" originates from 17th-century Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and England, where it was used to describe a privately owned ship that operated outside of the realm of naval vessels. These ships were often smaller and more agile than naval vessels, making them suitable for tasks such as piracy, smuggling, and coastal raiding.

Privaters played a significant role in maritime trade and warfare during the Age of Sail. They took on various forms, including fleet privaters that operated in large groups and privateer ships that operated individually or in smaller groups. Privaters often flew fake flags or false colors, making it difficult for enemy ships to identify them as private vessels.

While privateering was a legitimate practice during times of war, the line between legitimate and illegitimate activities often blurred. Many privateers engaged in illegal activities such as piracy and smuggling, despite being commissioned by government authorities. The abolition of privateering as a legitimate practice in the 19th century led to the decline of the privater, and the term has largely been replaced by more modern terms such as private military company or private security firm.