primärtransformator

A primärtransformator, or primary transformer, is a fundamental component in electrical engineering used to change voltage levels in alternating current (AC) circuits. It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, as described by Faraday's Law. The device consists of two or more coils of wire, known as windings, wound around a common ferromagnetic core.

The primary winding is connected to the input AC voltage source. When AC current flows through the primary winding, it generates a continuously changing magnetic flux within the core. This changing magnetic flux then passes through the secondary winding, inducing an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, across it. The ratio of the voltage in the primary winding to the voltage in the secondary winding is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding.

If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding, the transformer is called a step-up transformer, and it increases the voltage. Conversely, if the secondary winding has fewer turns, it is a step-down transformer, which decreases the voltage. Transformers are essential for efficient long-distance power transmission, reducing voltage for safe use in homes and industries, and for impedance matching in electronic circuits. The core material, typically iron or steel laminations, is used to minimize magnetic losses.