presisjonsinnflygning

Presisjonsinnflygning, often translated as Precision Approach, is a category of instrument approach procedures used in aviation to guide aircraft to a landing in low visibility conditions. These procedures rely on a combination of ground-based navigation aids and onboard aircraft equipment to provide precise lateral and vertical guidance to the runway. The primary goal of presisjonsinnflygning is to ensure that the aircraft can be safely aligned with the runway centerline and descended to a safe altitude for landing, even when the pilot's visual reference to the runway environment is limited.

The most common type of presisjonsinnflygning system is the Instrument Landing System, or ILS. An ILS system consists of two main components: a localizer, which provides lateral guidance along the extended runway centerline, and a glideslope, which provides vertical guidance for the aircraft's descent angle. Aircraft equipped with ILS receivers can follow these signals, which are displayed on their instruments, to maintain the correct path to the runway.

Presisjonsinnflygning procedures are categorized into different precision approach categories (II and III) based on the minimum visibility and runway visual range (RVR) required for operation. Category I (CAT I) approaches have the least stringent requirements, while Category III (CAT III) approaches allow for operations in extremely low visibility conditions, sometimes down to near zero visibility. The successful execution of a presisjonsinnflygning requires highly trained pilots and aircraft equipped with sophisticated avionics, as well as specific airport infrastructure. These approaches are crucial for maintaining air traffic operations during adverse weather.